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in scale
The ''in'' scale (also known as the ''Sakura'' pentatonic scale due to its use in the well-known folk song ''Sakura Sakura'') is, according to a traditional theory, one of two pentatonic scales used in much Japanese music, excluding ''gagaku'' and Buddhist chanting. The ''in'' scale, which contains minor notes, is used specifically in music for the ''koto'' and ''shamisen'' and is contrasted with the ''yo'' scale, which does not contain minor notes.〔Titon, Jeff Todd (1996). ''Worlds of Music: An Introduction to the Music of the World's Peoples'', p.372. ISBN 0-02-872612-X.〕
More recent theory〔Koizumi Fumio (1974). ''Nihon no ongaku'' (Japanese music), 76. Tokyo: National Theater of Japan.〕 emphasizes that it is more useful in interpreting Japanese melody to view scales on the basis of "nuclear tones" located a fourth apart and containing notes between them, as in the ''miyako-bushi'' scale used in ''koto'' and ''shamisen'' music and whose pitches are equivalent to the ''in'' scale:〔Titon (1996), 373.〕
== ''In'' scale in the other musical traditions ==
In Indian classical music, Gunkali (Hindustani) and Karnataka Shuddha Saveri (Carnatic) are nearly identical to the pentatonic ''in'' scale, highlighting the shared past of their origins. Some rare examples of ancient genres of Andean music (e.g. k'antu) use a scale similar to the ''in'' scale combined with melody leading with a parallel fifths and fourths. For example listen ''Machulas Kantu'' by Bolivia Manta folk group (''Wiñayataqui'', 1981).
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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